In modern times, Bilberry Leaf is thought to have a calming effect on smooth muscle tissue. It is reputed to be good for enstrual cramps and is thought to nourish the respiratory tract and the leaves are sometimes used for coughs. A close relative of Uva Ursi, the Bilberry leaf has been used in much the ways Uva Ursi leaf might be used. Both have traditionally been used to help those with those with urinary tract disorders and kidney problems, among other things.